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# 缓动函数
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- category: 动画
- order: 1
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---
现实物体照着一定节奏移动,并不是一开始就移动很快的。
当我们打开现代家具的门或抽屉时,首先会让它加速,然后慢下来。
当电梯开关门时,它在打开或关闭时都有一段缓冲带,是先加速,然后慢下来。
当某个东西往下掉时,首先是越掉越快,撞到地上后回弹,最终才又碰触地板。
### 质量和重量
在物理世界里,是以力量附加到物体对象里,加上自身的质量才完成一段动画。力量的持续时间决定物体的加速,减速与改变方向。
动画停止与启动都不是瞬间完成的,因它需要一段缓冲的时间来加速或减速,因此,当动画有突然启动,停止或改变方向,都会显得很不自然。
#### 自然缓动
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不要用直线缓动Linear做物体出入动画的缓动;注:Linear函数可做循环动画函数。
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如下图所示,在没有缓动的情况下启动与停止都显得突兀,感觉动画还没结束就停止了,所以在物体运动中避免直线运动。
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<script src="/static/TweenMax.min.js"></script>
<script src="/static/motion.js"></script>
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<div id="J-Linear"></div>
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<script>
$(function (){
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new Motion("#J-Linear",{lineData:[{open:[],end:[],stroke:"#f2666c"},{open:[0.455,0.03,0.515,0.955],end:[0.455,0.03,0.515,0.955],stroke:"#71B5DE",openEaseName:"easeInOutQuad",endEaseName:"easeInOutQuad"},],mask:false});
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})
</script>
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上图所示缓动函数:红 `Linear`,蓝 `easeInOutQuad`
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#### 出入动画
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不要做单向动画,进场后不做出场,直接消失元素或回到原点,会让整个画面不协调,反相只出不进也一样。
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所以有动画的进场必须要有动画的出场,包括导航上的动画。
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<div id="J-Symmetric"></div>
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<script>
$(function (){
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new Motion("#J-Symmetric",{lineData:[
{open:[0.455,0.03,0.515,0.955],end:[],openEaseName:"easeInOutQuad",endEaseName:"null",stroke:"#f2666c"},
{open:[0.645,0.045,0.355,1],end:[0.645,0.045,0.355,1],stroke:"#71B5DE",openEaseName:"easeInOutCubic",endEaseName:"easeInOutCubic"}],
mask:false,exposure:"top"});
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})
</script>
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上图所示缓动函数:红 `easeInOutQuad`,蓝 `easeInOutCubic`
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##### 场外出入
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场外出入需要考虑力量与引力的关系,如向空中抛物体时,开始时力量大于引力时,速度是最快的,
到达一定高度后,随着力量的减少,速度也跟随着降低,物体达到最高点后,力量等于引力或小于引力时,物体随之下降;
所以在快到达最高点和掉下来时有一定缓冲带;不要做图示红色球体下降时的缓动;
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<div id="J-Entry"></div>
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<script>
$(function (){
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new Motion("#J-Entry",{lineData:[
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{open:[0.25,0.46,0.45,0.94],end:[0.25,0.46,0.45,0.94],openEaseName:"easeOutQuad",endEaseName:"easeOutQuad",stroke:"#f2666c"},
{open:[0.215,0.61,0.355,1],end:[0.55,0.055,0.675,0.19],stroke:"#71B5DE",openEaseName:"easeOutCubic",endEaseName:"easeInCubic"}],
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mask:true,exposure:"bottom"});
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})
</script>
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上图所示缓动函数:红 `easeOutQuad` `easeOutQuad`,蓝 `easeOutCubic` `easeInCubic`
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示例组件:[Message 全局提示](/components/message/),[Dropdown 下拉菜单](/components/dropdown/)。
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#### 弹性动画
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1. 如蹦极跳下来时,刚跳下时速度很快,到达绳子的长度后,由于物体的重量再将绳子拉长再反弹,弹动几次后才停下。
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动画里也由质量来决定它的反弹,一般元素最好只弹动一次就够了,收回时可以用向下浮动再上拉或直接前缓动,可适用在下拉框与弹出元素。
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2. 如球类物体掉地上的后,反弹几次后停止。
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- 曲线图用的是3次贝塞尔曲线,没法表示Bounce,所以用line替换。
- 弹性动画最好结合alpha。
<div id="J-Back"></div>
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<script>
$(function (){
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new Motion("#J-Back",{lineData:[
{open:[,end:[0.455,0.03,0.515,0.955],openEaseName:"easeOutBounce",endEaseName:"easeInOutQuad",stroke:"#70f266"},
{open:[0.175,0.885,0.32,1.275],end:[0.6,-0.28,0.735,0.045],stroke:"#71B5DE",openEaseName:"easeOutBack",endEaseName:"easeInBack"}],
mask:false,exposure:"top"});
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})
</script>
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上图所示缓动函数:红 `easeOutBounce` `easeInOutQuad`,蓝 `easeOutBack` `easeInBack`
## 缓动函数
Ant Design 提供了一套缓动函数规范动画行为。
|名称 |参数 |说明与适用 |
|-------------------|------------------------------------------|---------------------------|
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|@ease-out | `cubic-bezier(0.215,0.61,0.355,1);` |默认后缓动;适合元素展开时; |
|@ease-in | `cubic-bezier(0.55,0.055,0.675,0.19);`|默认前缓动;适合元素关闭时; |
|@ease-in-out | `cubic-bezier(0.645,0.045,0.355,1);` |默认前后缓动;适合元素移动; |
|@ease-out-back | `cubic-bezier(0.18,0.89,0.32,1.28);` |结束回动;适合弹出框出现时; |
|@ease-in-back | `cubic-bezier(0.6,-0.3,0.74,0.05);` |开始回动;适合弹出框关闭; |
|@ease-in-out-back | `cubic-bezier(0.68,-0.55,0.27,1.55);` |前后回动; |
|@ease-out-circ | `cubic-bezier(0.08,0.82,0.17,1);` |圆形后缓动;适合元素展开时; |
|@ease-in-circ | `cubic-bezier(0.6,0.04,0.98,0.34);` |圆形前缓动;适合元素关闭时; |
|@ease-in-out-circ | `cubic-bezier(0.78,0.14,0.15,0.86);` |圆形缓动;适合元素移动; |