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---
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order: 4
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title: 在 create-react-app 中使用
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---
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[create-react-app](https://github.com/facebookincubator/create-react-app) 是业界最优秀的 React 应用开发工具之一,本文会尝试在 create-react-app 创建的工程中使用 antd 组件,并自定义 webpack 的配置以满足各类工程化需求。
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---
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## 安装和初始化
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我们需要在命令行中安装 create-react-app 工具,你可能还需要安装 [yarn](https://github.com/yarnpkg/yarn/)。
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```bash
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$ npm install -g create-react-app yarn
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```
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然后新建一个项目。
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```bash
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$ create-react-app antd-demo
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```
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工具会自动初始化一个脚手架并安装 React 项目的各种必要依赖,如果在过程中出现网络问题,请尝试配置代理或使用其他 npm registry。
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然后我们进入项目并启动。
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```bash
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$ cd antd-demo
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$ yarn start
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```
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此时浏览器会访问 http://localhost:3000/ ,看到 `Welcome to React` 的界面就算成功了。
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## 引入 antd
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这是 create-react-app 生成的默认目录结构。
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```
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├── README.md
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├── package.json
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├── public
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│ ├── favicon.ico
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│ └── index.html
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├── src
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│ ├── App.css
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│ ├── App.js
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│ ├── App.test.js
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│ ├── index.css
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│ ├── index.js
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│ └── logo.svg
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└── yarn.lock
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```
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现在从 yarn 或 npm 安装并引入 antd。
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```bash
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$ yarn add antd
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```
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修改 `src/App.js`,引入 antd 的按钮组件。
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```jsx
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import React, { Component } from 'react';
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import Button from 'antd/lib/button';
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import './App.css';
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class App extends Component {
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render() {
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return (
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<div className="App">
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<Button type="primary">Button</Button>
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</div>
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);
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}
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}
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export default App;
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```
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修改 `src/App.css`,在文件顶部引入 `antd/dist/antd.css`。
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```css
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@import '~antd/dist/antd.css';
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.App {
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text-align: center;
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}
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...
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```
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好了,现在你应该能看到页面上已经有了 antd 的蓝色按钮组件,接下来就可以继续选用其他组件开发应用了。其他开发流程你可以参考 create-react-app 的[官方文档](https://github.com/facebookincubator/create-react-app/blob/master/packages/react-scripts/template/README.md)。
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## 高级配置
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我们现在已经把组件成功运行起来了,但是在实际开发过程中还有很多问题,例如上面的例子实际上加载了全部的 antd 组件的样式(对前端性能是个隐患)。
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此时我们可能需要对 create-react-app 的默认配置进行自定义。可以使用 `eject` 命令将所有内建的配置暴露出来。
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```bash
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$ yarn run eject
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```
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### 使用 babel-plugin-import
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[babel-plugin-import](https://github.com/ant-design/babel-plugin-import) 是一个用于按需加载组件代码和样式的 babel 插件([原理](/docs/react/getting-started#按需加载)),现在我们尝试安装它并修改 `config/webpack.config.dev.js` 文件。
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```bash
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$ yarn add babel-plugin-import --dev
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```
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```diff
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// Process JS with Babel.
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{
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test: /\.(js|jsx)$/,
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include: paths.appSrc,
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loader: require.resolve('babel-loader'),
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options: {
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+ plugins: [
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+ ['import', { libraryName: 'antd', style: 'css' }],
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+ ],
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// This is a feature of `babel-loader` for webpack (not Babel itself).
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// It enables caching results in ./node_modules/.cache/babel-loader/
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// directory for faster rebuilds.
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cacheDirectory: true
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}
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},
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```
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> 注意,由于 create-react-app eject 之后的配置中没有 `.babelrc` 文件,所以需要把配置放到 `webpack.config.js` 或 `package.json` 的 `babel` 属性中。
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然后移除前面在 `src/App.css` 里全量添加的 `@import '~antd/dist/antd.css';` 样式代码,并且按下面的格式引入模块。
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```diff
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// scr/App.js
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import React, { Component } from 'react';
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- import Button from 'antd/lib/button';
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+ import { Button } from 'antd';
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import './App.css';
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class App extends Component {
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render() {
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return (
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<div className="App">
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<Button type="primary">Button</Button>
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</div>
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);
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}
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}
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export default App;
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```
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最后重启 `yarn start` 访问页面,antd 组件的 js 和 css 代码都会按需加载,你在控制台也不会看到这样的[警告信息](https://zos.alipayobjects.com/rmsportal/vgcHJRVZFmPjAawwVoXK.png)。关于按需加载的原理和其他方式可以阅读[这里](/docs/react/getting-started#按需加载)。
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### 自定义主题
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按照 [配置主题](/docs/react/customize-theme) 的要求,自定义主题需要用到 less 变量覆盖功能,因此首先我们需要引入 [less-loader](https://github.com/webpack/less-loader) 来加载 less 样式,同时修改 `config/webpack.config.dev.js` 文件。
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```bash
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$ yarn add less less-loader --dev
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```
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```diff
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{
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exclude: [
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/\.html$/,
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/\.(js|jsx)$/,
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/\.css$/,
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+ /\.less$/,
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/\.json$/,
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/\.bmp$/,
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/\.gif$/,
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/\.jpe?g$/,
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/\.png$/,
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],
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loader: require.resolve('file-loader'),
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options: {
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name: 'static/media/[name].[hash:8].[ext]',
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},
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}
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...
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// Process JS with Babel.
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{
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test: /\.(js|jsx)$/,
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include: paths.appSrc,
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loader: 'babel',
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options: {
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plugins: [
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- ['import', [{ libraryName: 'antd', style: 'css' }]],
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+ ['import', [{ libraryName: 'antd', style: true }]], // import less
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],
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},
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...
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+ // Parse less files and modify variables
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+ {
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+ test: /\.less$/,
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+ use: [
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+ require.resolve('style-loader'),
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+ require.resolve('css-loader'),
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+ {
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+ loader: require.resolve('postcss-loader'),
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+ options: {
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+ ident: 'postcss', // https://webpack.js.org/guides/migrating/#complex-options
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+ plugins: () => [
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+ require('postcss-flexbugs-fixes'),
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+ autoprefixer({
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+ browsers: [
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+ '>1%',
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+ 'last 4 versions',
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+ 'Firefox ESR',
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+ 'not ie < 9', // React doesn't support IE8 anyway
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+ ],
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+ flexbox: 'no-2009',
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+ }),
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+ ],
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+ },
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+ },
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+ {
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+ loader: require.resolve('less-loader'),
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+ options: {
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+ modifyVars: { "@primary-color": "#1DA57A" },
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+ },
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+ },
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+ ],
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+ },
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],
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```
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这里利用了 [less-loader](https://github.com/webpack/less-loader#less-options) 的 `modifyVars` 来进行主题配置,
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变量和其他配置方式可以参考 [配置主题](/docs/react/customize-theme) 文档。
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修改后重启 `yarn start`,如果看到一个绿色的按钮就说明配置成功了。
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> 注意,上述示例只修改了 `webpack.config.dev.js`,如果需要在生产环境生效,你需要同步修改 `webpack.config.prod.js`。
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## 源码和其他脚手架
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以上是在 create-react-app 中使用 antd 的相关实践,你也可以借鉴此文的做法在自己的 webpack 工作流中使用 antd,更多 webpack 配置可参考 [atool-build](https://github.com/ant-tool/atool-build/blob/master/src/getWebpackCommonConfig.js)。(例如加入 [moment noParse](https://github.com/ant-tool/atool-build/blob/e4bd2959689b6a95cb5c1c854a5db8c98676bdb3/src/getWebpackCommonConfig.js#L90) 避免加载所有语言文件)
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React 生态圈中还有很多优秀的脚手架,使用它们并引入 antd 时,你可能会遇到一些问题,下面是一些著名脚手架使用 antd 的范例,包括本文的 create-react-app。
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- [react-boilerplate/react-boilerplate](https://github.com/ant-design/react-boilerplate)
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- [kriasoft/react-starter-kit](https://github.com/ant-design/react-starter-kit)
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- [create-react-app-antd](https://github.com/ant-design/create-react-app-antd)
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