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---
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order: 3
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title: 项目实战
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---
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[dva](https://github.com/dvajs/dva) 是一个基于 react 和 redux 的轻量应用框架,概念来自 elm,支持 side effects、热替换、动态加载、react-native、SSR 等,已在生产环境广泛应用。
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本文会引导你使用 dva 和 antd 从 0 开始创建一个简单应用。
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会包含以下内容:
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---
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## 安装 dva-cli
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通过 npm 安装 dva-cli 并确保版本是 `0.8.1` 或以上。
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```bash
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$ npm install dva-cli -g
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$ dva -v
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0.8.2
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```
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## 创建新应用
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安装完 dva-cli 之后,就可以在命令行里访问到 `dva` 命令([不能访问?](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/15054388/global-node-modules-not-installing-correctly-command-not-found))。现在,你可以通过 `dva new` 创建新应用。
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```bash
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$ dva new dva-quickstart
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```
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这会创建 `dva-quickstart` 目录,包含项目初始化目录和文件,并提供开发服务器、构建脚本、数据 mock 服务、代理服务器等功能。
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然后我们 `cd` 进入 `dva-quickstart` 目录,并启动开发服务器:
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```bash
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$ cd dva-quickstart
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$ npm start
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```
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几秒钟后,你会看到以下输出:
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```bash
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Compiled successfully!
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The app is running at:
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http://localhost:8000/
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Note that the development build is not optimized.
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To create a production build, use npm run build.
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```
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在浏览器里打开 http://localhost:8000 ,你会看到 dva 的欢迎界面。
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## 使用 antd
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通过 npm 安装 `antd` 和 `babel-plugin-import` 。`babel-plugin-import` 是用来按需加载 antd 的脚本和样式的,详见 [repo](https://github.com/ant-design/babel-plugin-import) 。
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```bash
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$ npm install antd babel-plugin-import --save
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```
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编辑 `.roadhogrc`,使 `babel-plugin-import` 插件生效。
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```diff
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"extraBabelPlugins": [
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- "transform-runtime"
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+ "transform-runtime",
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+ ["import", { "libraryName": "antd", "libraryDirectory": "es", "style": "css" }]
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],
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```
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> 注:dva-cli 基于 roadhog 实现 build 和 server,更多 `.roadhogrc` 的配置详见 [roadhog#配置](https://github.com/sorrycc/roadhog#配置)
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## 定义路由
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我们要写个应用来先显示产品列表。首先第一步是创建路由,路由可以想象成是组成应用的不同页面。
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新建 route component `routes/Products.js`,内容如下:
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```javascript
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import React from 'react';
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const Products = (props) => (
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<h2>List of Products</h2>
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);
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export default Products;
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```
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添加路由信息到路由表,编辑 `router.js` :
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```diff
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+ import Products from './routes/Products';
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...
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+ <Route path="/products" exact component={Products} />
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```
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然后在浏览器里打开 http://localhost:8000/#/products ,你应该能看到前面定义的 `<h2>` 标签。
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## 编写 UI Component
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随着应用的发展,你会需要在多个页面分享 UI 元素 (或在一个页面使用多次),在 dva 里你可以把这部分抽成 component 。
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我们来编写一个 `ProductList` component,这样就能在不同的地方显示产品列表了。
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新建 `components/ProductList.js` 文件:
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```javascript
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import React from 'react';
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import PropTypes from 'prop-types';
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import { Table, Popconfirm, Button } from 'antd';
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const ProductList = ({ onDelete, products }) => {
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const columns = [{
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title: 'Name',
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dataIndex: 'name',
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}, {
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title: 'Actions',
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render: (text, record) => {
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return (
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<Popconfirm title="Delete?" onConfirm={() => onDelete(record.id)}>
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<Button>Delete</Button>
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</Popconfirm>
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);
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},
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}];
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return (
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<Table
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dataSource={products}
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columns={columns}
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/>
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);
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};
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ProductList.propTypes = {
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onDelete: PropTypes.func.isRequired,
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products: PropTypes.array.isRequired,
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};
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export default ProductList;
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```
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## 定义 Model
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完成 UI 后,现在开始处理数据和逻辑。
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dva 通过 model 的概念把一个领域的模型管理起来,包含同步更新 state 的 reducers,处理异步逻辑的 effects,订阅数据源的 subscriptions 。
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新建 model `models/products.js` :
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```javascript
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import dva from 'dva';
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export default {
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namespace: 'products',
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state: [],
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reducers: {
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'delete'(state, { payload: id }) {
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return state.filter(item => item.id !== id);
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},
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},
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};
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```
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这个 model 里:
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- `namespace` 表示在全局 state 上的 key
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- `state` 是初始值,在这里是空数组
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- `reducers` 等同于 redux 里的 reducer,接收 action,同步更新 state
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然后别忘记在 `index.js` 里载入他:
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```diff
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// 3. Model
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+ app.model(require('./models/products'));
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```
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## connect 起来
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到这里,我们已经单独完成了 model 和 component,那么他们如何串联起来呢?
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dva 提供了 connect 方法。如果你熟悉 redux,这个 connect 就是 react-redux 的 connect 。
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编辑 `routes/Products.js`,替换为以下内容:
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```javascript
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import React from 'react';
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import { connect } from 'dva';
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import ProductList from '../components/ProductList';
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const Products = ({ dispatch, products }) => {
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function handleDelete(id) {
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dispatch({
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type: 'products/delete',
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payload: id,
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});
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}
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return (
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<div>
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<h2>List of Products</h2>
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<ProductList onDelete={handleDelete} products={products} />
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</div>
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);
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};
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// export default Products;
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export default connect(({ products }) => ({
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products,
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}))(Products);
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```
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最后,我们还需要一些初始数据让这个应用 run 起来。编辑 `index.js`:
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```diff
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- const app = dva();
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+ const app = dva({
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+ initialState: {
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+ products: [
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+ { name: 'dva', id: 1 },
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+ { name: 'antd', id: 2 },
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+ ],
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+ },
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+ });
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```
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刷新浏览器,应该能看到以下效果:
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<p style="text-align: center">
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<img src="https://zos.alipayobjects.com/rmsportal/GQJeDDeUCSTRMMg.gif" />
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</p>
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## 构建应用
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完成开发并且在开发环境验证之后,就需要部署给我们的用户了。先执行下面的命令:
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```bash
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$ npm run build
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```
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几秒后,输出应该如下:
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```bash
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> @ build /private/tmp/myapp
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> roadhog build
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Creating an optimized production build...
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Compiled successfully.
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File sizes after gzip:
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82.98 KB dist/index.js
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270 B dist/index.css
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```
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`build` 命令会打包所有的资源,包含 JavaScript, CSS, web fonts, images, html 等。然后你可以在 `dist/` 目录下找到这些文件。
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## 下一步
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我们已经完成了一个简单应用,你可能还有很多疑问,比如:
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- 如何处理异步请求
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- 如何优雅地加载初始数据
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- 如何统一处理出错,以及特定操作的出错
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- 如何动态加载路由和 Model,以加速页面载入速度
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- 如何实现 hmr
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- 如何 mock 数据
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- 等等
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你可以:
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- 访问 [dva 官网](https://github.com/dvajs/dva)
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- 理解 dva 的 [8 个概念](https://github.com/dvajs/dva/blob/master/docs/Concepts_zh-CN.md) ,以及他们是如何串起来的
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- 掌握 dva 的[所有 API](https://github.com/dvajs/dva/blob/master/docs/API_zh-CN.md)
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- 查看 [dva 知识地图](https://github.com/dvajs/dva-knowledgemap) ,包含 ES6, React, dva 等所有基础知识
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- 查看 [更多 FAQ](https://github.com/dvajs/dva/issues?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aclosed+label%3Afaq),看看别人通常会遇到什么问题
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- 如果你基于 dva-cli 创建项目,最好了解他的 [配置方式](https://github.com/sorrycc/roadhog#配置)
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